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1 Gøtzsche PC. Prescription drugs are the leading cause of death. Mad in America 16.4.2024. https://www.madinamerica.com/2024/04/prescription-drugs-are-the-leading-cause-of-death/

2 Gøtzsche PC. Deadly medicines and organised crime: How big pharma has corrupted health care. London: Radcliffe Publishing, 2013.

3 Gøtzsche PC. Deadly psychiatry and organised denial. Copenhagen: People’s Press, 2015.

4 Schroeder MO. Death by prescription: By one estimate, taking prescribed medications is the fourth leading cause of death among Americans. US News 27.9.2016. https://health.usnews.com/health-news/patient-advice/articles/2016-09-27/the-danger-in-taking-prescribed-medications

5 Light DW, Lexchin J, Darrow JJ. Institutional corruption of pharmaceuticals and the myth of safe and effective drugs. The Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 2013; 41: 590–600. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24088149/

6 Lazarou J, Pomeranz BH, Corey PN. Incidence of adverse drug reactions in hospitalized patients: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. JAMA 1998; 279: 1200–5. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9555760/


7 FAERS reporting by patient outcomes by year. FDA 10.11.2015. https://www.fda.gov/drugs/questions-and-answers-fdas-adverse-event-reporting-system-faers/faers-reporting-patient-outcomes-year

8 Gøtzsche PC. Mental health survival kit and withdrawal from psychiatric drugs. Ann Arbor: L H Press, 2022.

9 Hubbard R, Farrington P, Smith C mfl. Exposure to tricyclic and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressants and the risk of hip fracture. American Journal of Epidemiology 2003; 158: 77–84. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12835289/

10 Thapa PB, Gideon P, Cost TW mfl. Antidepressants and the risk of falls among nursing home residents. NEJM 1998; 339: 875–82. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9744971/

11 Ebbesen J, Buajordet I, Erikssen J mfl. Drug-related deaths in a department of internal medicine. Archives of Internal Medicine 2001; 161: 2317–23.

12 James JTA. A new, evidence-based estimate of patient harms associated with hospital care. Journal of Patient Safety 2013; 9: 122–8. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23860193/

13 Ho JY. Life course patterns of prescription drug use in the United States. Demography 2023; 60: 1549–79. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37728437/

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14 Gøtzsche PC. Long-term use of antipsychotics and antidepressants is not evidence-based. The International Journal of Risk & Safety in Medicine 2020; 31: 37–42. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31594256/

15 Gøtzsche PC. Long-term use of benzodiazepines, stimulants and lithium is not evidence-based. Clinical Neuropsychiatry 2020; 17: 281–3. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34909004/

16 Forbruget af antipsykotika blandt 18-64 årige patienter, med skizofreni, mani eller bipolar affektiv sindslidelse. København: Sundhedsstyrelsen, 2006.

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17 Hughes S, Cohen D, Jaggi R. Differences in reporting serious adverse events in industry sponsored clinical trial registries and journal articles on antidepressant and antipsychotic drugs: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2014; 4: e005535. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25009136/

18 Schneider LS, Dagerman KS, Insel P. Risk of death with atypical antipsychotic drug treatment for dementia: meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials. JAMA 2005; 294: 1934–43. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16234500/

19 FDA package insert for Risperdal (risperidone). Lest 30.5.2022.

20 Koponen M, Taipale H, Lavikainen P mfl. Risk of mortality associated with antipsychotic monotherapy and polypharmacy among community-dwelling persons with Alzheimer’s disease. Journal of Alzheimers Disease 2017; 56: 107–18. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27935554/

21 Whitaker R. Lure of riches fuels testing. Boston Globe 17.11.1998. https://psychrights.org/stories/susanendersbe.htm

22 Whitaker R. Mad in America: bad science, bad medicine, and the enduring mistreatment of the mentally ill. Cambridge: Perseus Books Group, 2002: 269.

23 Vanderburg DG, Batzar E, Fogel I mfl. A pooled analysis of suicidality in double-blind, placebo-controlled studies of sertraline in adults. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 2009; 70: 674–83. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19552866/

24 Hengartner MP, Plöderl M. Newer-generation antidepressants and suicide risk in randomized controlled trials: a re-analysis of the FDA database. Psychotherpy and Psychosomatics 2019; 88: 247–8. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31234169/

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25 Hengartner MP, Plöderl M. Reply to the Letter to the Editor: “Newer-generation antidepressants and suicide risk: Thoughts on Hengartner and Plöderl’s Re-Analysis.” Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics 2019; 88: 373–4. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31487722/

26 Weich S, Pearce HL, Croft P mfl. Effect of anxiolytic and hypnotic drug prescriptions on mortality hazards: retrospective cohort study. BMJ 2014; 348: g1996. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24647164/

27 Kripke DF, Langer RD, Kline LE. Hypnotics’ association with mortality or cancer: a matched cohort study. BMJ Open 2012; 2: e000850. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22371848/

28 Coupland C, Dhiman P, Morriss R mfl. Antidepressant use and risk of adverse outcomes in older people: population based cohort study. BMJ 2011; 343: d4551. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21810886/

29 Smoller JW, Allison M, Cochrane BB mfl. Antidepressant use and risk of incident cardiovascular morbidity and mortality among postmenopausal women in the Women’s Health Initiative study. Archives of Internal Medicine 2009; 169: 2128–39. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20008698/

30 O’Neill A. Age distribution in the United States from 2012 to 2022. Statista 25.1.2024. https://www.statista.com/statistics/270000/age-distribution-in-the-united-states/

31 Olfson M, King M, Schoenbaum M. Antipsychotic treatment of adults in the United States. Psyc

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